A People's History

Black History — the long road

A scrolling slideshow of the moments that shape who we are. Start at 1619. Walk forward. Don't look away.

1619

Arrival at Point Comfort

The first enslaved Africans are brought to the English colony of Virginia, beginning more than two centuries of chattel slavery on American soil.

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The full timeline

  1. 1619

    Arrival at Point Comfort

    The first enslaved Africans are brought to the English colony of Virginia, beginning more than two centuries of chattel slavery on American soil.

  2. 1739

    Stono Rebellion

    Enslaved Africans in South Carolina rise up in one of the earliest organized rebellions — a reminder that resistance is as old as bondage itself.

  3. 1808

    Transatlantic Slave Trade Banned

    Congress prohibits the importation of enslaved people. Domestic slavery and the internal slave trade expand violently across the South.

  4. 1831

    Nat Turner's Rebellion

    Turner leads an uprising in Virginia. The brutal backlash hardens slave codes, but the rebellion stays in the memory of every generation that follows.

  5. 1849

    Harriet Tubman Escapes

    Tubman flees slavery in Maryland and returns again and again to lead others to freedom on the Underground Railroad.

  6. Jan 1, 1863

    Emancipation Proclamation

    Lincoln declares enslaved people in rebelling states 'forever free' — but enforcement depends on the Union Army's reach.

  7. June 19, 1865

    Juneteenth — Freedom Reaches Galveston

    Two and a half years after the Proclamation, Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger reads General Order No. 3 in Galveston, Texas. The last 250,000 enslaved African Americans learn they are free. Freedom delayed is freedom denied — and that delay is exactly why we remember.

  8. 1865–1870

    13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

    Slavery is abolished (except as punishment for a crime — a loophole that still echoes). Citizenship and the vote are extended to Black men. Reconstruction begins.

  9. 1877

    End of Reconstruction

    Federal troops withdraw from the South. Black political power is dismantled. Jim Crow laws begin codifying a new system of racial caste.

  10. 1896

    Plessy v. Ferguson

    The Supreme Court enshrines 'separate but equal.' The 'equal' part was always a lie.

  11. 1921

    Tulsa Race Massacre

    A white mob burns Black Wall Street in Greenwood, Oklahoma to the ground. Hundreds killed. Generations of wealth destroyed in a single night.

  12. 1954

    Brown v. Board of Education

    The Supreme Court strikes down school segregation. Implementation will be slow, contested, and incomplete.

  13. 1955

    Rosa Parks · Montgomery Bus Boycott

    Parks refuses to give up her seat. A 26-year-old Martin Luther King Jr. helps organize a 381-day boycott that changes the country.

  14. 1963

    March on Washington

    250,000 people gather. King speaks of a dream still owed to America's children.

  15. 1964–1965

    Civil Rights & Voting Rights Acts

    Landmark legislation outlaws segregation and federal voter suppression. The fight does not end — it just changes shape.

  16. 1968

    Dr. King Assassinated

    King is killed in Memphis. The nation grieves, burns, and keeps going.

  17. 2008

    Barack Obama Elected

    The first Black president of the United States. Symbolic and historic — and not the end of the work.

  18. 2013–Today

    Black Lives Matter

    After the killing of Trayvon Martin, a movement names what has never stopped: Black lives, taken too often, by systems that were supposed to protect them. The names keep coming. So does the demand for accountability.

  19. 2021

    Juneteenth Becomes a Federal Holiday

    156 years after that day in Galveston, the United States formally recognizes it. Recognition is a beginning, not a finish line.